Evaluation Climate Variability (ERA5) CMIP6
CMIP6 Multi-Model Mean Context
Comparison with CMIP6 ensemble mean from 11 members.
Contributing models: ACCESS-ESM1-5, AWI-CM-1-1-MR, CNRM-CM6-1, CNRM-ESM2-1, EC-Earth3, FGOALS-g3, GISS-E2-1-G, INM-CM5-0, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, MRI-ESM2-0
Total Cloud Cover — Variability (STD)
| Variables | clt |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | % |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 7.62 · Diff Gmean: 0.41 · Rmse: 1.14 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 7.60 · Diff Gmean: 0.38 · Rmse: 1.01 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 8.07 · Diff Gmean: 0.86 · Rmse: 1.33 |
Total Cloud Cover — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | clt |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | % |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 7.62 · Diff Gmean: 0.41 · Rmse: 1.14 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 7.60 · Diff Gmean: 0.38 · Rmse: 1.01 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 8.07 · Diff Gmean: 0.86 · Rmse: 1.33 |
Surface Latent Heat Flux — Variability (STD)
| Variables | hfls |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 15.31 · Diff Gmean: 1.57 · Rmse: 3.84 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 14.99 · Diff Gmean: 1.24 · Rmse: 3.41 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 13.65 · Diff Gmean: -0.09 · Rmse: 5.49 |
Surface Latent Heat Flux — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | hfls |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 15.31 · Diff Gmean: 1.57 · Rmse: 3.84 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 14.99 · Diff Gmean: 1.24 · Rmse: 3.41 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 13.65 · Diff Gmean: -0.09 · Rmse: 5.49 |
Surface Sensible Heat Flux — Variability (STD)
| Variables | hfss |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 6.76 · Diff Gmean: 0.87 · Rmse: 2.80 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 6.64 · Diff Gmean: 0.74 · Rmse: 2.36 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 7.06 · Diff Gmean: 1.17 · Rmse: 4.14 |
Surface Sensible Heat Flux — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | hfss |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 6.76 · Diff Gmean: 0.87 · Rmse: 2.80 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 6.64 · Diff Gmean: 0.74 · Rmse: 2.36 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 7.06 · Diff Gmean: 1.17 · Rmse: 4.14 |
Total Precipitation Rate — Variability (STD)
| Variables | pr |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | kg/m2/s |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
Total Precipitation Rate — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | pr |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | kg/m2/s |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 0.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00 |
Mean Sea Level Pressure — Variability (STD)
| Variables | psl |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | Pa |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 234.58 · Diff Gmean: 2.54 · Rmse: 23.32 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 237.60 · Diff Gmean: 5.55 · Rmse: 25.09 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 227.90 · Diff Gmean: -4.14 · Rmse: 28.93 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 247.65 · Diff Gmean: 15.68 · Rmse: 27.54 |
Mean Sea Level Pressure — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | psl |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | Pa |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 234.58 · Diff Gmean: 2.54 · Rmse: 23.32 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 237.60 · Diff Gmean: 5.55 · Rmse: 25.09 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 227.90 · Diff Gmean: -4.14 · Rmse: 28.93 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 247.65 · Diff Gmean: 15.68 · Rmse: 27.54 |
Surface Downwelling Longwave — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rlds |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 7.65 · Diff Gmean: 0.60 · Rmse: 1.32 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 7.47 · Diff Gmean: 0.42 · Rmse: 1.10 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 7.10 · Diff Gmean: 0.05 · Rmse: 1.55 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 8.02 · Diff Gmean: 0.98 · Rmse: 1.35 |
Surface Downwelling Longwave — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rlds |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 7.65 · Diff Gmean: 0.60 · Rmse: 1.32 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 7.47 · Diff Gmean: 0.42 · Rmse: 1.10 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 7.10 · Diff Gmean: 0.05 · Rmse: 1.55 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 8.02 · Diff Gmean: 0.98 · Rmse: 1.35 |
Surface Net Longwave Radiation — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rls |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 5.74 · Diff Gmean: 0.17 · Rmse: 1.04 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 5.72 · Diff Gmean: 0.15 · Rmse: 0.92 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 6.27 · Diff Gmean: 0.70 · Rmse: 1.79 |
Surface Net Longwave Radiation — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rls |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 5.74 · Diff Gmean: 0.17 · Rmse: 1.04 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 5.72 · Diff Gmean: 0.15 · Rmse: 0.92 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 6.27 · Diff Gmean: 0.70 · Rmse: 1.79 |
Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rlscs |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 4.58 · Diff Gmean: 0.44 · Rmse: 1.08 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 4.41 · Diff Gmean: 0.26 · Rmse: 0.84 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 4.52 · Diff Gmean: 0.37 · Rmse: 1.40 |
Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rlscs |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 4.58 · Diff Gmean: 0.44 · Rmse: 1.08 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 4.41 · Diff Gmean: 0.26 · Rmse: 0.84 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 4.52 · Diff Gmean: 0.37 · Rmse: 1.40 |
TOA Net Longwave Radiation — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rlt |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 8.45 · Diff Gmean: 0.59 · Rmse: 1.88 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 8.35 · Diff Gmean: 0.49 · Rmse: 1.64 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 7.22 · Diff Gmean: -0.64 · Rmse: 2.47 |
TOA Net Longwave Radiation — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rlt |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 8.45 · Diff Gmean: 0.59 · Rmse: 1.88 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 8.35 · Diff Gmean: 0.49 · Rmse: 1.64 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 7.22 · Diff Gmean: -0.64 · Rmse: 2.47 |
TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rltcs |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 3.56 · Diff Gmean: 0.28 · Rmse: 0.65 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 3.44 · Diff Gmean: 0.17 · Rmse: 0.47 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 3.14 · Diff Gmean: -0.13 · Rmse: 0.73 |
TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rltcs |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 3.56 · Diff Gmean: 0.28 · Rmse: 0.65 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 3.44 · Diff Gmean: 0.17 · Rmse: 0.47 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 3.14 · Diff Gmean: -0.13 · Rmse: 0.73 |
Surface Downwelling Shortwave — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rsds |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 12.66 · Diff Gmean: 0.90 · Rmse: 2.43 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 12.62 · Diff Gmean: 0.86 · Rmse: 2.20 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 11.96 · Diff Gmean: 0.20 · Rmse: 3.38 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 13.85 · Diff Gmean: 2.10 · Rmse: 2.90 |
Surface Downwelling Shortwave — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rsds |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 12.66 · Diff Gmean: 0.90 · Rmse: 2.43 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 12.62 · Diff Gmean: 0.86 · Rmse: 2.20 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 11.96 · Diff Gmean: 0.20 · Rmse: 3.38 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 13.85 · Diff Gmean: 2.10 · Rmse: 2.90 |
Surface Net Shortwave Radiation — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rss |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 11.87 · Diff Gmean: 0.83 · Rmse: 2.53 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 11.80 · Diff Gmean: 0.76 · Rmse: 2.36 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 11.05 · Diff Gmean: 0.01 · Rmse: 3.47 |
Surface Net Shortwave Radiation — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rss |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 11.87 · Diff Gmean: 0.83 · Rmse: 2.53 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 11.80 · Diff Gmean: 0.76 · Rmse: 2.36 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 11.05 · Diff Gmean: 0.01 · Rmse: 3.47 |
Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rsscs |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 3.99 · Diff Gmean: 0.56 · Rmse: 3.14 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 3.65 · Diff Gmean: 0.22 · Rmse: 2.46 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 3.36 · Diff Gmean: -0.07 · Rmse: 3.83 |
Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rsscs |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 3.99 · Diff Gmean: 0.56 · Rmse: 3.14 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 3.65 · Diff Gmean: 0.22 · Rmse: 2.46 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 3.36 · Diff Gmean: -0.07 · Rmse: 3.83 |
TOA Net Shortwave Radiation — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rst |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 10.80 · Diff Gmean: 0.84 · Rmse: 2.39 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 10.71 · Diff Gmean: 0.75 · Rmse: 2.24 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 9.76 · Diff Gmean: -0.20 · Rmse: 3.17 |
TOA Net Shortwave Radiation — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rst |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 10.80 · Diff Gmean: 0.84 · Rmse: 2.39 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 10.71 · Diff Gmean: 0.75 · Rmse: 2.24 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 9.76 · Diff Gmean: -0.20 · Rmse: 3.17 |
TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) — Variability (STD)
| Variables | rstcs |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 3.42 · Diff Gmean: 0.52 · Rmse: 2.97 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 3.13 · Diff Gmean: 0.23 · Rmse: 2.30 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 3.06 · Diff Gmean: 0.16 · Rmse: 3.56 |
TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | rstcs |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | W/m2 |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 3.42 · Diff Gmean: 0.52 · Rmse: 2.97 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 3.13 · Diff Gmean: 0.23 · Rmse: 2.30 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 3.06 · Diff Gmean: 0.16 · Rmse: 3.56 |
2m Temperature — Variability (STD)
| Variables | tas |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | K |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 1.10 · Diff Gmean: 0.14 · Rmse: 0.28 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 1.02 · Diff Gmean: 0.07 · Rmse: 0.18 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 0.99 · Diff Gmean: 0.04 · Rmse: 0.25 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.04 · Diff Gmean: 0.08 · Rmse: 0.18 |
2m Temperature — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | tas |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | K |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 1.10 · Diff Gmean: 0.14 · Rmse: 0.28 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 1.02 · Diff Gmean: 0.07 · Rmse: 0.18 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 0.99 · Diff Gmean: 0.04 · Rmse: 0.25 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.04 · Diff Gmean: 0.08 · Rmse: 0.18 |
10m U Wind — Variability (STD)
| Variables | uas |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | m/s |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 1.20 · Diff Gmean: 0.02 · Rmse: 0.17 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 1.20 · Diff Gmean: 0.02 · Rmse: 0.14 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 1.20 · Diff Gmean: 0.03 · Rmse: 0.27 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.26 · Diff Gmean: 0.09 · Rmse: 0.19 |
10m U Wind — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | uas |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | m/s |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 1.20 · Diff Gmean: 0.02 · Rmse: 0.17 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 1.20 · Diff Gmean: 0.02 · Rmse: 0.14 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 1.20 · Diff Gmean: 0.03 · Rmse: 0.27 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.26 · Diff Gmean: 0.09 · Rmse: 0.19 |
10m V Wind — Variability (STD)
| Variables | vas |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | m/s |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 0.94 · Diff Gmean: 0.01 · Rmse: 0.13 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 0.95 · Diff Gmean: 0.03 · Rmse: 0.13 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 0.98 · Diff Gmean: 0.05 · Rmse: 0.19 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.07 · Rmse: 0.15 |
10m V Wind — Variability Bias (STD diff)
| Variables | vas |
|---|---|
| Models | ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM |
| Reference Dataset | ERA5 |
| Units | m/s |
| Period | 1990–2014 |
| ifs-fesom | Std Gmean: 0.94 · Diff Gmean: 0.01 · Rmse: 0.13 |
| ifs-nemo | Std Gmean: 0.95 · Diff Gmean: 0.03 · Rmse: 0.13 |
| icon | Std Gmean: 0.98 · Diff Gmean: 0.05 · Rmse: 0.19 |
| CMIP6 MMM | Std Gmean: 1.00 · Diff Gmean: 0.07 · Rmse: 0.15 |