CMIP6 Multi-Model Mean Context

Comparison with CMIP6 ensemble mean from 10 members.

Contributing models: ACCESS-ESM1-5, AWI-CM-1-1-MR, CNRM-CM6-1, CNRM-ESM2-1, EC-Earth3, GISS-E2-1-G, INM-CM5-0, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, MRI-ESM2-0

10m U Wind Annual Mean Bias

10m U Wind Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_10u
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: 0.03 · Rmse: 0.58
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: -0.06 · Rmse: 0.44
icon Global Mean Bias: 0.25 · Rmse: 1.51
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.02 · Rmse: 0.62
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.08 · Rmse: 0.91
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.14 · Rmse: 1.12
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.03 · Rmse: 0.85
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.18 · Rmse: 0.86
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.05 · Rmse: 0.62
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.03 · Rmse: 0.88
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.09 · Rmse: 0.81
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.03 · Rmse: 0.89
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.08 · Rmse: 1.06
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.06 · Rmse: 0.99

10m U Wind DJF Bias

10m U Wind DJF Bias
Variables avg_10u
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: -0.04 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.02 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.13 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.08 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.28 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.05 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.05 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.07 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.09 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.12 · Rmse: None

10m U Wind JJA Bias

10m U Wind JJA Bias
Variables avg_10u
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.09 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.10 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.06 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.15 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.03 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.04 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.09 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.03 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.06 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.07 · Rmse: None

10m V Wind Annual Mean Bias

10m V Wind Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_10v
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: 0.50
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: 0.07 · Rmse: 0.41
icon Global Mean Bias: -0.07 · Rmse: 0.82
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: -0.05 · Rmse: 0.54
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.01 · Rmse: 0.78
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.11 · Rmse: 0.98
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.01 · Rmse: 0.71
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.08 · Rmse: 0.73
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.09 · Rmse: 0.53
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.06 · Rmse: 0.66
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.67
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.06 · Rmse: 0.67
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.06 · Rmse: 0.89
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.04 · Rmse: 0.92

10m V Wind DJF Bias

10m V Wind DJF Bias
Variables avg_10v
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: -0.07 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.08 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.09 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.09 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.06 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.12 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.07 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.07 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.08 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.09 · Rmse: None

10m V Wind JJA Bias

10m V Wind JJA Bias
Variables avg_10v
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: -0.02 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.09 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.12 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.06 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.07 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.03 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.03 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.07 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.03 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.12 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.03 · Rmse: None

2m Temperature Annual Mean Bias

2m Temperature Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_2t
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units K
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: 0.14 · Rmse: 1.22
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: -0.10 · Rmse: 0.96
icon Global Mean Bias: -0.70 · Rmse: 1.94
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.08 · Rmse: 1.10
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.14 · Rmse: 1.81
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 2.30
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.40 · Rmse: 1.74
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.91 · Rmse: 1.97
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.47 · Rmse: 2.07
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.58 · Rmse: 1.74
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.48 · Rmse: 1.44
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.06 · Rmse: 1.68
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.48 · Rmse: 2.55
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.33 · Rmse: 1.96
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.15 · Rmse: 1.46

2m Temperature DJF Bias

2m Temperature DJF Bias
Variables avg_2t
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units K
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.08 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.12 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.18 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.52 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.95 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.36 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.60 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.47 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.04 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.65 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.36 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.40 · Rmse: None

2m Temperature JJA Bias

2m Temperature JJA Bias
Variables avg_2t
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units K
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.11 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.14 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.10 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.34 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.85 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.60 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.48 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.45 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.17 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.25 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.25 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.02 · Rmse: None

Surface Sensible Heat Flux Annual Mean Bias

Surface Sensible Heat Flux Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_ishf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: -1.22 · Rmse: 8.13
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: -1.08 · Rmse: 7.21
icon Global Mean Bias: -3.81 · Rmse: 11.27

Surface Sensible Heat Flux DJF Bias

Surface Sensible Heat Flux DJF Bias
Variables avg_ishf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Sensible Heat Flux JJA Bias

Surface Sensible Heat Flux JJA Bias
Variables avg_ishf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Mean Sea Level Pressure Annual Mean Bias

Mean Sea Level Pressure Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_msl
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: -1.59 · Rmse: 100.98
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: 0.08 · Rmse: 88.91
icon Global Mean Bias: -38.34 · Rmse: 483.36
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: -3.57 · Rmse: 87.30
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -10.44 · Rmse: 159.99
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -143.72 · Rmse: 225.92
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 34.67 · Rmse: 218.61
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 38.31 · Rmse: 210.30
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -13.97 · Rmse: 102.87
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 17.41 · Rmse: 168.49
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -24.87 · Rmse: 176.49
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 12.61 · Rmse: 171.45
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 51.61 · Rmse: 303.73
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -76.65 · Rmse: 182.48
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 8.74 · Rmse: 187.25

Mean Sea Level Pressure DJF Bias

Mean Sea Level Pressure DJF Bias
Variables avg_msl
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 6.41 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 11.94 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -136.19 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 43.05 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 46.58 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -9.81 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 20.13 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -3.58 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 14.70 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 72.55 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -62.66 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 20.93 · Rmse: None

Mean Sea Level Pressure JJA Bias

Mean Sea Level Pressure JJA Bias
Variables avg_msl
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: -14.96 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -32.13 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -157.69 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 22.31 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 30.32 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -15.56 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 16.04 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -46.42 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 13.20 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 27.40 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -97.45 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -7.52 · Rmse: None

Surface Downwelling Longwave Annual Mean Bias

Surface Downwelling Longwave Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_sdlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: 2.40 · Rmse: 6.50
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: 0.46 · Rmse: 5.00
icon Global Mean Bias: 0.84 · Rmse: 11.04
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 1.42 · Rmse: 6.45
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.18 · Rmse: 12.00
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 9.74 · Rmse: 16.26
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.42 · Rmse: 12.11
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 6.35 · Rmse: 10.75
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.20 · Rmse: 9.23
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -3.20 · Rmse: 8.35
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.30 · Rmse: 9.95
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.23 · Rmse: 7.90
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -6.08 · Rmse: 13.11
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -5.23 · Rmse: 11.25
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 2.75 · Rmse: 8.47

Surface Downwelling Longwave DJF Bias

Surface Downwelling Longwave DJF Bias
Variables avg_sdlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 1.91 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.33 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 11.46 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.06 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 6.58 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.92 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -2.92 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.44 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.38 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -5.21 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -5.17 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.55 · Rmse: None

Surface Downwelling Longwave JJA Bias

Surface Downwelling Longwave JJA Bias
Variables avg_sdlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.97 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 3.97 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 7.52 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 3.52 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 6.14 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.12 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -3.38 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.11 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.26 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -6.68 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -5.15 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 1.63 · Rmse: None

Surface Downwelling Shortwave Annual Mean Bias

Surface Downwelling Shortwave Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_sdswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: -1.76 · Rmse: 9.69
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: -2.14 · Rmse: 8.94
icon Global Mean Bias: -0.11 · Rmse: 14.84
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 3.98 · Rmse: 9.33
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -1.46 · Rmse: 14.84
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -3.61 · Rmse: 15.34
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.90 · Rmse: 14.53
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 6.46 · Rmse: 15.84
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 3.62 · Rmse: 11.05
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 6.14 · Rmse: 13.50
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 2.38 · Rmse: 14.34
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 6.74 · Rmse: 14.04
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.06 · Rmse: 15.49
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 11.13 · Rmse: 17.14
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 3.64 · Rmse: 12.40

Surface Downwelling Shortwave DJF Bias

Surface Downwelling Shortwave DJF Bias
Variables avg_sdswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 2.56 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -2.57 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -4.35 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.33 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 6.26 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 1.78 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 5.58 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.98 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 5.96 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.24 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 10.43 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.57 · Rmse: None

Surface Downwelling Shortwave JJA Bias

Surface Downwelling Shortwave JJA Bias
Variables avg_sdswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 5.72 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -1.48 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.96 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 5.50 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 8.05 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 4.54 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 7.56 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 3.03 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 8.57 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 5.92 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 12.44 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 6.21 · Rmse: None

Surface Latent Heat Flux Annual Mean Bias

Surface Latent Heat Flux Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_slhtf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: -2.68 · Rmse: 12.85
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: -2.19 · Rmse: 10.92
icon Global Mean Bias: -0.22 · Rmse: 14.86

Surface Latent Heat Flux DJF Bias

Surface Latent Heat Flux DJF Bias
Variables avg_slhtf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Latent Heat Flux JJA Bias

Surface Latent Heat Flux JJA Bias
Variables avg_slhtf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Longwave Radiation Annual Mean Bias

Surface Net Longwave Radiation Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_snlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: 1.14 · Rmse: 5.73
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: 0.79 · Rmse: 5.00
icon Global Mean Bias: 0.77 · Rmse: 8.81

Surface Net Longwave Radiation DJF Bias

Surface Net Longwave Radiation DJF Bias
Variables avg_snlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Longwave Radiation JJA Bias

Surface Net Longwave Radiation JJA Bias
Variables avg_snlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Mean Bias

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_snlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: 2.08 · Rmse: 5.15
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: 1.33 · Rmse: 4.07
icon Global Mean Bias: -4.33 · Rmse: 8.17

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Bias

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Bias
Variables avg_snlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Bias

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Bias
Variables avg_snlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation Annual Mean Bias

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_snswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: -1.43 · Rmse: 9.59
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: -1.61 · Rmse: 9.18
icon Global Mean Bias: -0.94 · Rmse: 15.53

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation DJF Bias

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation DJF Bias
Variables avg_snswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation JJA Bias

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation JJA Bias
Variables avg_snswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Mean Bias

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_snswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: -2.33 · Rmse: 8.57
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: -1.96 · Rmse: 7.89
icon Global Mean Bias: 1.98 · Rmse: 9.57

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Bias

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Bias
Variables avg_snswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Bias

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Bias
Variables avg_snswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Total Cloud Cover Annual Mean Bias

Total Cloud Cover Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_tcc
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units %
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: 0.49 · Rmse: 5.19
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: 0.86 · Rmse: 4.58
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: -0.16 · Rmse: 5.34
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.27 · Rmse: 7.06
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -2.99 · Rmse: 11.45
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -1.28 · Rmse: 10.50
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 2.18 · Rmse: 8.51
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 1.19 · Rmse: 5.44
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.82 · Rmse: 9.48
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -3.08 · Rmse: 7.12
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.80 · Rmse: 9.66
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -9.41 · Rmse: 15.06
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 6.98 · Rmse: 11.71
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.98 · Rmse: 7.55

Total Cloud Cover DJF Bias

Total Cloud Cover DJF Bias
Variables avg_tcc
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units %
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.36 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.62 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -2.09 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.07 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 3.13 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.99 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 1.80 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -2.69 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 1.67 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -9.98 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 7.73 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.46 · Rmse: None

Total Cloud Cover JJA Bias

Total Cloud Cover JJA Bias
Variables avg_tcc
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units %
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: -0.82 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.23 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -4.29 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -2.92 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 1.15 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 1.20 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.10 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -3.37 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.15 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -8.41 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 5.59 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -1.55 · Rmse: None

TOA Net Longwave Radiation Annual Mean Bias

TOA Net Longwave Radiation Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_tnlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: 1.51 · Rmse: 6.26
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: 2.26 · Rmse: 5.09
icon Global Mean Bias: 3.82 · Rmse: 10.14

TOA Net Longwave Radiation DJF Bias

TOA Net Longwave Radiation DJF Bias
Variables avg_tnlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Longwave Radiation JJA Bias

TOA Net Longwave Radiation JJA Bias
Variables avg_tnlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Mean Bias

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_tnlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: 0.67 · Rmse: 3.06
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: 1.20 · Rmse: 2.64
icon Global Mean Bias: 2.10 · Rmse: 4.92

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Bias

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Bias
Variables avg_tnlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Bias

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Bias
Variables avg_tnlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation Annual Mean Bias

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_tnswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: -1.37 · Rmse: 8.27
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: -1.82 · Rmse: 7.90
icon Global Mean Bias: -3.22 · Rmse: 14.05

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation DJF Bias

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation DJF Bias
Variables avg_tnswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation JJA Bias

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation JJA Bias
Variables avg_tnswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Mean Bias

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_tnswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: -2.59 · Rmse: 6.99
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: -2.58 · Rmse: 6.31
icon Global Mean Bias: -1.31 · Rmse: 8.60

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Bias

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Bias
Variables avg_tnswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Bias

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Bias
Variables avg_tnswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2
Period 1990–2014

Total Precipitation Rate Annual Mean Bias

Total Precipitation Rate Annual Mean Bias
Variables avg_tprate
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units kg/m2/s
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
ifs-nemo Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
icon Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: 0.00

Total Precipitation Rate DJF Bias

Total Precipitation Rate DJF Bias
Variables avg_tprate
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units kg/m2/s
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None

Total Precipitation Rate JJA Bias

Total Precipitation Rate JJA Bias
Variables avg_tprate
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units kg/m2/s
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: -0.00 · Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Bias: 0.00 · Rmse: None