CMIP6 Multi-Model Mean Context

Comparison with CMIP6 ensemble mean from 10 members.

Contributing models: ACCESS-ESM1-5, AWI-CM-1-1-MR, CNRM-CM6-1, CNRM-ESM2-1, EC-Earth3, GISS-E2-1-G, INM-CM5-0, IPSL-CM6A-LR, MPI-ESM1-2-LR, MRI-ESM2-0

10m U Wind Annual Linear Trend

10m U Wind Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_10u
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: -0.00 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.06 · Trend Rmse: 0.22
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.01 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.07 · Trend Rmse: 0.25
icon Global Mean Trend: -0.00 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.06 · Trend Rmse: 0.24
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.06 · Trend Rmse: 0.21
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.04 · Trend Rmse: 0.23
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.06 · Trend Rmse: 0.27
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.05 · Trend Rmse: 0.23
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.07 · Trend Rmse: 0.27
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.05 · Trend Rmse: 0.23
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.07 · Trend Rmse: 0.24
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.05 · Trend Rmse: 0.26
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.07 · Trend Rmse: 0.25
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.08 · Trend Rmse: 0.25
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.06 · Trend Rmse: 0.22

10m U Wind DJF Linear Trend

10m U Wind DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_10u
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.05 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.05 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.05 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.07 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.05 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.04 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.04 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.07 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.06 · Trend Rmse: None

10m U Wind JJA Linear Trend

10m U Wind JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_10u
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.08 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.08 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.07 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.06 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.05 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.08 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.09 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.08 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.10 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.11 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.07 · Trend Rmse: None

10m V Wind Annual Linear Trend

10m V Wind Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_10v
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: -0.00 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.15
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.01 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.15
icon Global Mean Trend: -0.01 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: 0.18
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.14
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.16
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.17
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.15
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.18
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.17
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.15
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.16
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.16
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: 0.16
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: 0.19

10m V Wind DJF Linear Trend

10m V Wind DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_10v
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None

10m V Wind JJA Linear Trend

10m V Wind JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_10v
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units m/s/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.04 · Trend Rmse: None

2m Temperature Annual Linear Trend

2m Temperature Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_2t
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units K/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.20 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.03 · Trend Rmse: 0.32
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.19 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.30
icon Global Mean Trend: 0.25 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.08 · Trend Rmse: 0.33
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.12 · Trend Rmse: 0.25
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.26
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.10 · Trend Rmse: 0.31
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.13 · Trend Rmse: 0.36
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.22 · Trend Rmse: 0.39
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.32 · Trend Rmse: 0.51
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: 0.39
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.14 · Trend Rmse: 0.31
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.09 · Trend Rmse: 0.29
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.13 · Trend Rmse: 0.34
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.04 · Trend Rmse: 0.29
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.10 · Trend Rmse: 0.30

2m Temperature DJF Linear Trend

2m Temperature DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_2t
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units K/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.13 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.09 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.12 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.27 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.36 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.14 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.13 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.14 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.07 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.11 · Trend Rmse: None

2m Temperature JJA Linear Trend

2m Temperature JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_2t
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units K/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.13 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.04 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.10 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.17 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.22 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.30 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.04 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.16 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.10 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.13 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.04 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.12 · Trend Rmse: None

Surface Sensible Heat Flux Annual Linear Trend

Surface Sensible Heat Flux Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_ishf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.07 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.45 · Trend Rmse: 2.07
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.04 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.42 · Trend Rmse: 1.96
icon Global Mean Trend: -0.03 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.35 · Trend Rmse: 2.03

Surface Sensible Heat Flux DJF Linear Trend

Surface Sensible Heat Flux DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_ishf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Sensible Heat Flux JJA Linear Trend

Surface Sensible Heat Flux JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_ishf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Mean Sea Level Pressure Annual Linear Trend

Mean Sea Level Pressure Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_msl
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: -1.84 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -5.65 · Trend Rmse: 44.40
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: -1.31 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -5.12 · Trend Rmse: 47.80
icon Global Mean Trend: -1.64 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -5.45 · Trend Rmse: 41.96
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -4.43 · Trend Rmse: 38.58
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -5.05 · Trend Rmse: 44.42
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -5.99 · Trend Rmse: 45.43
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.54 · Trend Rmse: 46.48
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -2.17 · Trend Rmse: 48.78
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.23 · Trend Rmse: 47.44
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -3.62 · Trend Rmse: 48.93
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.16 · Trend Rmse: 48.40
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -1.23 · Trend Rmse: 43.49
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.33 · Trend Rmse: 47.84
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.12 · Trend Rmse: 47.20
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -5.71 · Trend Rmse: 48.71

Mean Sea Level Pressure DJF Linear Trend

Mean Sea Level Pressure DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_msl
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -4.89 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -4.24 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -5.52 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.86 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -2.68 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -1.99 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -4.69 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -5.54 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -2.92 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.37 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.67 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.23 · Trend Rmse: None

Mean Sea Level Pressure JJA Linear Trend

Mean Sea Level Pressure JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_msl
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units Pa/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -4.56 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.07 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.68 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -7.27 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -1.13 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.87 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -3.03 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.60 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.88 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.27 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.20 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -6.80 · Trend Rmse: None

Surface Downwelling Longwave Annual Linear Trend

Surface Downwelling Longwave Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_sdlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 1.36 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.41 · Trend Rmse: 1.64
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 1.35 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.40 · Trend Rmse: 1.68
icon Global Mean Trend: 1.34 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.39 · Trend Rmse: 1.64
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.96 · Trend Rmse: 1.63
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.37 · Trend Rmse: 1.54
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.75 · Trend Rmse: 1.87
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.06 · Trend Rmse: 2.11
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.56 · Trend Rmse: 2.45
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 2.16 · Trend Rmse: 2.85
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.28 · Trend Rmse: 1.85
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.11 · Trend Rmse: 1.90
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.86 · Trend Rmse: 1.68
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.10 · Trend Rmse: 2.06
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.50 · Trend Rmse: 1.69
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.82 · Trend Rmse: 1.76

Surface Downwelling Longwave DJF Linear Trend

Surface Downwelling Longwave DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_sdlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.96 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.25 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.70 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.00 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.75 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 2.16 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.26 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.02 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.86 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.03 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.57 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.00 · Trend Rmse: None

Surface Downwelling Longwave JJA Linear Trend

Surface Downwelling Longwave JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_sdlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.95 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.41 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.65 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.08 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.49 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 2.13 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.35 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.12 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.86 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.03 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.45 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.91 · Trend Rmse: None

Surface Downwelling Shortwave Annual Linear Trend

Surface Downwelling Shortwave Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_sdswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.34 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.47 · Trend Rmse: 2.69
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.25 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.38 · Trend Rmse: 2.71
icon Global Mean Trend: 0.30 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.43 · Trend Rmse: 2.85
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.10 · Trend Rmse: 2.30
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.14 · Trend Rmse: 2.43
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.06 · Trend Rmse: 2.90
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.00 · Trend Rmse: 2.88
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.43 · Trend Rmse: 2.90
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: 2.68
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.12 · Trend Rmse: 2.59
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.08 · Trend Rmse: 2.67
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.03 · Trend Rmse: 2.58
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: 2.74
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.23 · Trend Rmse: 2.54
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.11 · Trend Rmse: 2.78

Surface Downwelling Shortwave DJF Linear Trend

Surface Downwelling Shortwave DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_sdswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.04 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.17 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.23 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.04 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.01 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.03 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.18 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.16 · Trend Rmse: None

Surface Downwelling Shortwave JJA Linear Trend

Surface Downwelling Shortwave JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_sdswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.19 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.20 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.16 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.32 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.57 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.13 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.21 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.20 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.02 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.25 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.03 · Trend Rmse: None

Surface Latent Heat Flux Annual Linear Trend

Surface Latent Heat Flux Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_slhtf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: -0.24 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 1.96 · Trend Rmse: 4.90
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: -0.14 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 2.06 · Trend Rmse: 4.58
icon Global Mean Trend: -0.09 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 2.11 · Trend Rmse: 4.81

Surface Latent Heat Flux DJF Linear Trend

Surface Latent Heat Flux DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_slhtf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Latent Heat Flux JJA Linear Trend

Surface Latent Heat Flux JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_slhtf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Longwave Radiation Annual Linear Trend

Surface Net Longwave Radiation Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_snlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.32 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.29 · Trend Rmse: 1.32
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.34 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.31 · Trend Rmse: 1.34
icon Global Mean Trend: 0.12 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.10 · Trend Rmse: 1.37

Surface Net Longwave Radiation DJF Linear Trend

Surface Net Longwave Radiation DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_snlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Longwave Radiation JJA Linear Trend

Surface Net Longwave Radiation JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_snlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Linear Trend

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_snlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.55 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.47 · Trend Rmse: 1.16
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.50 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.43 · Trend Rmse: 1.15
icon Global Mean Trend: 0.35 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.27 · Trend Rmse: 1.14

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Linear Trend

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_snlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Linear Trend

Surface Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_snlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation Annual Linear Trend

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_snswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.28 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.34 · Trend Rmse: 2.69
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.33 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.39 · Trend Rmse: 2.64
icon Global Mean Trend: 0.37 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.43 · Trend Rmse: 2.68

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation DJF Linear Trend

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_snswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation JJA Linear Trend

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_snswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Linear Trend

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_snswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.27 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.36 · Trend Rmse: 1.87
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.40 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.23 · Trend Rmse: 1.60
icon Global Mean Trend: 0.44 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.20 · Trend Rmse: 1.68

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Linear Trend

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_snswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Linear Trend

Surface Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_snswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Total Cloud Cover Annual Linear Trend

Total Cloud Cover Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_tcc
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units %/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: -0.12 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.53 · Trend Rmse: 1.72
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.01 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.39 · Trend Rmse: 1.80
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.42 · Trend Rmse: 1.50
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.42 · Trend Rmse: 1.59
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.24 · Trend Rmse: 1.84
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.50 · Trend Rmse: 1.88
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.61 · Trend Rmse: 1.92
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.54 · Trend Rmse: 1.62
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.45 · Trend Rmse: 1.61
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.37 · Trend Rmse: 1.70
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.38 · Trend Rmse: 1.59
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.23 · Trend Rmse: 1.62
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.53 · Trend Rmse: 1.73
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.32 · Trend Rmse: 1.74

Total Cloud Cover DJF Linear Trend

Total Cloud Cover DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_tcc
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units %/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.34 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.28 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.06 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.42 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.35 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.35 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.39 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.43 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.49 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.33 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.50 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.11 · Trend Rmse: None

Total Cloud Cover JJA Linear Trend

Total Cloud Cover JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_tcc
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units %/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.54 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.54 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.40 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.70 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.76 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.71 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.54 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.52 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.45 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.37 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.62 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.38 · Trend Rmse: None

TOA Net Longwave Radiation Annual Linear Trend

TOA Net Longwave Radiation Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: -0.23 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.47 · Trend Rmse: 1.94
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: -0.09 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.32 · Trend Rmse: 2.21
icon Global Mean Trend: -0.23 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.46 · Trend Rmse: 2.02

TOA Net Longwave Radiation DJF Linear Trend

TOA Net Longwave Radiation DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Longwave Radiation JJA Linear Trend

TOA Net Longwave Radiation JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnlwrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Linear Trend

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: -0.16 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.23 · Trend Rmse: 0.80
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: -0.08 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.15 · Trend Rmse: 0.85
icon Global Mean Trend: -0.26 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.32 · Trend Rmse: 0.82

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Linear Trend

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Linear Trend

TOA Net Longwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnlwrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation Annual Linear Trend

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.63 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.47 · Trend Rmse: 2.43
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.68 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.52 · Trend Rmse: 2.32
icon Global Mean Trend: 0.72 · Global Mean Trend Diff: 0.57 · Trend Rmse: 2.36

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation DJF Linear Trend

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation JJA Linear Trend

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnswrf
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Linear Trend

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.67 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.20 · Trend Rmse: 1.66
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.80 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.06 · Trend Rmse: 1.34
icon Global Mean Trend: 0.86 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 1.45

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Linear Trend

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Linear Trend

TOA Net Shortwave Radiation (Clear-Sky) JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_tnswrfcs
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units W/m2/decade
Period 1990–2014

Total Precipitation Rate Annual Linear Trend

Total Precipitation Rate Annual Linear Trend
Variables avg_tprate
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units kg/m2/s/decade
Period 1990–2014
ifs-fesom Global Mean Trend: 0.00 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
ifs-nemo Global Mean Trend: 0.00 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
icon Global Mean Trend: 0.00 · Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: 0.00

Total Precipitation Rate DJF Linear Trend

Total Precipitation Rate DJF Linear Trend
Variables avg_tprate
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units kg/m2/s/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None

Total Precipitation Rate JJA Linear Trend

Total Precipitation Rate JJA Linear Trend
Variables avg_tprate
Models ifs-fesom, ifs-nemo, icon, CMIP6 MMM, MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1, GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2, IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1, ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1, EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2, AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1, CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2, FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1, INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1, MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1
Reference Dataset ERA5
Units kg/m2/s/decade
Period 1990–2014
CMIP6 MMM Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
MPI-ESM1-2-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
GISS-E2-1-G/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
IPSL-CM6A-LR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
ACCESS-ESM1-5/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
EC-Earth3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-CM6-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
AWI-CM-1-1-MR/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
CNRM-ESM2-1/r1i1p1f2 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
FGOALS-g3/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
INM-CM5-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None
MRI-ESM2-0/r1i1p1f1 Global Mean Trend Diff: -0.00 · Trend Rmse: None